Slips (실수)

Slip n mistakes

The differences between slips and mistakes are readily apparent in the analysis of the seven stages of action. Form an appropriate goal but mess up in the performance, and you've made a slip. Slips are almost always small things: a misplaced action, the wrong thing moved, a desired action undone. Moreover, they are relatively easy to discover by simple observation and monitoring. Form the wrong goal, and you've made a mistake. Mistakes can be major events, and they are difficult or even impossible to detect—after all, the action performed is appropriate for the goal.
P106
Slips show up most frequently in skilled behavior. We don't make
so many slips in things we are still learning. In part, slips result from a lack of attention. 

CAPTURE ERRORS

원래 하던 일인데... 비슷한 일에 하나를 빼먹는 것

DESCRIPTION ERRORS

어딘가에 담으려다 다른 데에 넣어버리는 것

DATA-DRIVEN ERRORS

숫자를 기억하려다 빼먹거나 하는 것

ASSOCIATIVE ACTIVATION ERRORS

두개의 일을 하려다 꼬여서 섞어서 하는 것

LOSS-OF-ACTIVATION ERRORS

뭔가하려다 갑자기 까먹는 것

MODE ERRORS

 

Detecting slips (실수 감지)

Feedback이 있는 경우만 가능하다. 

 

휴먼에러와 리스크 심리

1. 휴먼에러란 무엇인가

인간이 어떤 목적을 달성하기 위한 의도를 가지고 감지하고 판단하여 행동하는 도중, 본인의 의지와는 관계없이 목표를 달성하지 못하는 경우의 인간의 감지/ 판단/ 의사결정 및 행동을 통틀어 말한다. 의지를 가지고 잘 못 행위한 경우  '위반(violation)'이라고 정의하고 휴먼에러와 다르게 접근함. 

 

1) Reason 의 휴먼에러 분류 

* 오동작/실수 (slip) 

- 상황해석은 제대로 하였으나, 의도와는 다른 행동을 한 경우

 

* 건망증/깜빡 (lapse)

- 기억 재생의 실패

- 계획 항목의 생략, 장소 및 의도의 상실

- 기억의 상실로 깜박 잊고 해야 할 행동을 하지 않는 경우 

 

* 착오(mistake)

- 주의의 실패 (다른 요인으로 인한 간섭, 생략, 역전, 순서 잘못, 타이밍 잘못 등) 

- 동시에 너무 많은 일 을 할 때, 너무 복잡한 일을 할때, 시간이 촉박하여 압박이 있을 때

 - 상황해석을 잘못하여, 목표를 잘 못 설정하여 행위하는 경우(본인이 틀린 줄 모르고, 맞다고 생각하고 행하기 때문에 위험) 

- 규칙 기반의 오류(적절한 규칙의 오용/ 부적절한 규칙의 적용/ 처음부터 잘못된 규칙을 알고 있거나 / 좌우측 통행의 규칙 등 문화의 차이로 인한 오류)

- 지식 기반의 오류(지식이 부정확했거나, 무지한 상태에서 추론/ 추정 등을 통해서 판단할 경우)

 

* 위반(violation)

의도를 가진 고의적인 실수이며, 규칙적, 상황적과 예외적 위반의 3가지 분류

휴먼에러와 리스크 심리

Error, Mistake, Slip의 언어적 차이점

차이점은 무엇 입니까? "error" 그리고 "mistake" 그리고 "abberation" 그리고 "gaffe" 그리고 "slip, lapse, fail

Many of these are interchangeable in most sentences. Here are some more specific uses:
- I made an error in my calculations. The computer program does not work: it shows an error message.
- Taking this class was a mistake. It would be difficult to mistake a cat for a dog.
- The artist's work is normally beautiful, but this piece is an aberration. (aberration is a word most often used to be very negative, and referring to something that deviates from the norm)
- including that line in the play was a real gaffe. (Usually a more severe mistake or error, more likely to have consequences)
- Slip can be used in sentences by itself, but is more commonly part of idiomatic phrases, and tends to be informal. For example, a slip-up is a mistake of any size, a slip of the tongue refers to a situation in which someone said something that they should have withheld; a Freudian slip is when someone misspeaks in a way that is often revealing and embarrassing.
- Lapse is often used as part of the phrase "a lapse in judgement," which refers to a poor decision that is out of the norm for someone. It is more uncommonly used by itself.
- She failed the test. He failed to recognize that she was upset. The engine failed. In an informal, slang context: "falling off a skateboard on camera is a fail." Noun form: failure.
- Bug is a word that often refers to technology. The word was coined when a moth (a bug) flew into the fan of a very old, room-sized computer, causing it to fail. Now, a bug is a synonym for a glitch. For example, a bug in the system caused the database to shut down.